Supervision in swallowing drugs

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Factors that Influence the Conversion of BTA and Culture in MDR TB Patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2021

Introduction

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB MDR) is a significant public health concern worldwide, including in Indonesia. The treatment of TB MDR requires a comprehensive approach, including the use of second-line drugs and regular monitoring of the patient's condition. One of the important indicators of the effectiveness of TB MDR treatment is the conversion of BTA (acid-fast bacilli) and culture examination. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the conversion of BTA and culture in MDR TB patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, during the period 2020 to 2021.

Background

TB MDR is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least two of the most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. The treatment of TB MDR is more complex and requires a longer duration than the treatment of drug-susceptible TB. The conversion of BTA and culture examination is an important indicator of the effectiveness of TB MDR treatment, as it shows that the condition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the patient's body has been negative in examination.

Methodology

This study uses an observational descriptive method with analytical design and latitude cut. The population studied consisted of 104 MDR TB patients who began treatment in 2020 to 2021, and 50 of them were chosen as samples. The data collected was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square statistical tests (α = 0.05).

Results

The results of bivariate analysis show that some variables have a significant effect on BTA conversion and culture in MDR TB patients. These variables include:

Compliance with treatment: p = 0.007 and p = 0.001
Side Effects of Treatment: P = 0.047 and P = 0.008
Supervision in swallowing drugs: p = 0.001 and p = 0.028
Distance to health facilities: p = 0.025 and p = 0.047

These four factors indicate that the level of patient compliance with treatment, handling side effects, supervision when taking drugs, and accessibility to health services is very influential on the success of BTA conversion and culture.

Discussion

The results of this study suggest that patient compliance with treatment is a critical factor in the success of BTA conversion and culture. Patients who comply with treatment are more likely to achieve a negative result in BTA and culture examination. This is consistent with previous studies that have shown that patient compliance with treatment is a key factor in the success of TB treatment.

The side effects of treatment are also an important factor in the success of BTA conversion and culture. Patients who experience side effects are more likely to discontinue treatment, which can lead to treatment failure. Therefore, it is essential to provide counseling to patients about handling drug side effects and to monitor patients for side effects regularly.

Supervision when taking drugs is also an important factor in the success of BTA conversion and culture. Patients who receive regular supervision when taking drugs are more likely to comply with treatment and achieve a negative result in BTA and culture examination.

The distance to health facilities is also an important factor in the success of BTA conversion and culture. Patients who live far from health facilities may have difficulty accessing treatment, which can lead to treatment failure. Therefore, it is essential to improve access to health services for MDR TB patients.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that patient compliance with treatment, handling side effects, supervision when taking drugs, and accessibility to health services are critical factors in the success of BTA conversion and culture in MDR TB patients. Therefore, health institutions can improve facilities and access to MDR TB treatment services, improve the quality of health services, and provide counseling to patients about handling drug side effects. MDR TB patients are expected to routinely take drugs, consult if they experience side effects, and undergo regular control until the treatment is complete.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Health institutions can improve facilities and access to MDR TB treatment services.
Improve the quality of health services and provide counseling to patients about handling drug side effects.
MDR TB patients are expected to routinely take drugs, consult if they experience side effects, and undergo regular control until the treatment is complete.
The general public is expected to apply clean and healthy lifestyles to prevent TB transmission.
Awareness of the importance of good treatment and treatment is expected to increase the results of BTA conversion in patients, so that the treatment of TB MDR can run effectively and efficiently.

Limitations

This study has several limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a single hospital. Therefore, the results may not be generalizable to other hospitals or populations. Additionally, the study did not control for other potential confounding variables, such as patient demographics and socioeconomic status.

Future Research

Future research should aim to replicate this study in other hospitals and populations to confirm the findings. Additionally, future research should aim to identify other factors that influence the conversion of BTA and culture in MDR TB patients. This may include factors such as patient demographics, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare services.

References

[List of references cited in the study]

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Q&A: Factors that Influence the Conversion of BTA and Culture in MDR TB Patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2021

Introduction

In our previous article, we discussed the factors that influence the conversion of BTA and culture in MDR TB patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, during the period 2020 to 2021. In this article, we will answer some of the frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to this topic.

Q: What is BTA conversion and culture examination?

A: BTA conversion and culture examination is an important indicator of the effectiveness of TB MDR treatment. It shows that the condition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the patient's body has been negative in examination.

Q: What are the factors that influence the conversion of BTA and culture in MDR TB patients?

A: The factors that influence the conversion of BTA and culture in MDR TB patients include:

Compliance with treatment: Patients who comply with treatment are more likely to achieve a negative result in BTA and culture examination.
Side Effects of Treatment: Patients who experience side effects are more likely to discontinue treatment, which can lead to treatment failure.
Supervision in swallowing drugs: Patients who receive regular supervision when taking drugs are more likely to comply with treatment and achieve a negative result in BTA and culture examination.
Distance to health facilities: Patients who live far from health facilities may have difficulty accessing treatment, which can lead to treatment failure.

Q: Why is patient compliance with treatment important?

A: Patient compliance with treatment is critical in the success of BTA conversion and culture. Patients who comply with treatment are more likely to achieve a negative result in BTA and culture examination.

Q: What are the side effects of TB MDR treatment?

A: The side effects of TB MDR treatment can include:

Gastrointestinal problems
Neurological problems
Hepatic problems
Renal problems

Q: How can patients manage side effects of TB MDR treatment?

A: Patients can manage side effects of TB MDR treatment by:

Taking medication as directed by their healthcare provider
Reporting side effects to their healthcare provider
Receiving counseling on how to manage side effects
Receiving regular supervision when taking medication

Q: Why is supervision when taking medication important?

A: Supervision when taking medication is important because it helps patients comply with treatment and manage side effects. Regular supervision can also help identify potential problems early on.

Q: What can healthcare providers do to improve the success of BTA conversion and culture in MDR TB patients?

A: Healthcare providers can improve the success of BTA conversion and culture in MDR TB patients by:

Improving access to healthcare services
Providing counseling on how to manage side effects
Providing regular supervision when taking medication
Monitoring patients for potential problems early on

Q: What can patients do to improve the success of BTA conversion and culture in MDR TB treatment?

A: Patients can improve the success of BTA conversion and culture in MDR TB treatment by:

Complying with treatment as directed by their healthcare provider
Reporting side effects to their healthcare provider
Receiving counseling on how to manage side effects
Receiving regular supervision when taking medication

Conclusion

In conclusion, the conversion of BTA and culture examination is an important indicator of the effectiveness of TB MDR treatment. Patient compliance with treatment, handling side effects, supervision when taking medication, and accessibility to healthcare services are critical factors in the success of BTA conversion and culture. By understanding these factors, healthcare providers and patients can work together to improve the success of BTA conversion and culture in MDR TB patients.