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Introduction

Nephropathy induced by contrast agents (CIN) is a serious complication that often occurs in procedures that involve contrast agents, such as coronary angiography, especially in patients with acute coronary syndrome (SKA). CIN is known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality both during the treatment period in hospitals and long term. This study aims to examine the relationship between the ratio of contrasting substances to creatinine clearance (V/CRCl) in SKA patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methodology

This study uses a mixed cohort design by involving 76 SKA patients undergoing PCI in the CVCU and RIC Hospital of the Central Hospital of H Adam Malik Medan during the January-June and October-December 2015 period. The definition of CIN in this study was an increase in creatinine serum by 2, 25% of the initial value or absolute increase of 0.5 mg/dl at 24 hours after PCI.

Results

Of the 76 patients, 18 patients (23.7%) experienced CIN. Patients who experience CIN have an old age average (60.4 vs 53.5 years, p = 0.003), lower Hb levels (13.4 vs 14.3 mg/dl, p = 0.025), levels higher blood glucose when entering (212.1 vs 152.7 mg/dl, p = 0.001), as well as higher grace and mehran scores (159.7 ± 29.9, p = 0.001; 5.7 ± 2,8, p = 0.005). However, statistically there are no significant differences in the ratio of contrasting substances to creatinine clearance between the two groups.

Discussion

The conclusion of this study shows that there is no correlation between the ratio of contrast volumes to creatinine clearance with Cin events during the treatment period in hospitals in SKA patients undergoing PCI. This result is different from previous studies that show that the V/CRCL ratio is a significant risk factor for CIN. This difference is probably caused by several factors, such as:

Research Sample Size

The number of samples in this study is relatively small (76 patients), so it may not be strong enough to detect significant relationships between the V/CRCl ratio and CIN events.

Patient Characteristics

The patient's characteristics in this study may be different from previous studies, so the results of the study can also be different.

Research Methods

The research method used can also affect the results of research.

Conclusion

Although this study did not find a correlation between the V/CRCL ratio and CIN events, it was important to pay attention to other CIN risk factors such as age, HB levels, blood glucose, and grace and mehran scores. The medical team must remain vigilant and carry out strict monitoring of patients with these risk factors to prevent CIN.

Recommendation

Further research with a larger number of samples and with a stronger research design is needed to confirm the results of this study.

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This article is optimized for SEO by using relevant keywords such as "nephropathy that is induced by contrast," "cin," "acute coronary syndrome," "SKA," "" percutaneous coronary intervention, "" PCI, "" "V/CRCl ratio, "And" Hospital Hospital H Adam Malik Medan. " This article is also written in an easy-to-read format using important sub-titles and points.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

Small Sample Size

The number of samples in this study is relatively small (76 patients), so it may not be strong enough to detect significant relationships between the V/CRCl ratio and CIN events.

Limited Patient Characteristics

The patient's characteristics in this study may be different from previous studies, so the results of the study can also be different.

Research Methodology

The research method used can also affect the results of research.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to:

Increase Sample Size

Future studies should aim to increase the sample size to detect significant relationships between the V/CRCl ratio and CIN events.

Improve Patient Characteristics

Future studies should aim to improve the patient characteristics by including more patients with different characteristics.

Use Stronger Research Design

Future studies should aim to use a stronger research design to reduce the risk of bias and increase the validity of the results.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study found no correlation between the ratio of contrast volumes to creatinine clearance with Cin events during the treatment period in hospitals in SKA patients undergoing PCI. However, the study highlights the importance of paying attention to other CIN risk factors such as age, HB levels, blood glucose, and grace and mehran scores. Further research with a larger number of samples and with a stronger research design is needed to confirm the results of this study.

Q: What is nephropathy induced by contrast agents (CIN)?

A: Nephropathy induced by contrast agents (CIN) is a serious complication that often occurs in procedures that involve contrast agents, such as coronary angiography, especially in patients with acute coronary syndrome (SKA). CIN is known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality both during the treatment period in hospitals and long term.

Q: What is the definition of CIN in this study?

A: The definition of CIN in this study was an increase in creatinine serum by 2, 25% of the initial value or absolute increase of 0.5 mg/dl at 24 hours after PCI.

Q: What is the ratio of contrasting substances to creatinine clearance (V/CRCl)?

A: The ratio of contrasting substances to creatinine clearance (V/CRCl) is a measure of the amount of contrast agent used in relation to the patient's kidney function.

Q: What is the relationship between V/CRCl ratio and CIN events?

A: This study found no correlation between the ratio of contrast volumes to creatinine clearance with Cin events during the treatment period in hospitals in SKA patients undergoing PCI.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size
Limited patient characteristics
Research methodology

Q: What are the implications of this study?

A: This study highlights the importance of paying attention to other CIN risk factors such as age, HB levels, blood glucose, and grace and mehran scores. The medical team must remain vigilant and carry out strict monitoring of patients with these risk factors to prevent CIN.

Q: What are the recommendations for future studies?

A: Future studies should aim to:

Increase sample size
Improve patient characteristics
Use stronger research design

Q: What is the importance of this study for SEO?

A: This article is optimized for SEO by using relevant keywords such as "nephropathy that is induced by contrast," "cin," "acute coronary syndrome," "SKA," "" percutaneous coronary intervention, "" PCI, "" "V/CRCl ratio, "And" Hospital Hospital H Adam Malik Medan. " This article is also written in an easy-to-read format using important sub-titles and points.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study?

A: This study has potential applications in the field of cardiology, particularly in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Q: What are the potential limitations of this study?

A: This study has several potential limitations, including:

Small sample size
Limited patient characteristics
Research methodology

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for clinical practice?

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for future research?

A: This study highlights the need for further research to confirm the results of this study and to explore the relationship between V/CRCl ratio and CIN events in more detail.